Remote photoplethysmography for heart rate and blood oxygenation measurement: a Review

Pireh Pirzada; Adriana Wilde; David Harris-Birtill

doi:10.1109/JSEN.2024.3405414

Remote photoplethysmography for heart rate and blood oxygenation measurement: a Review

Pireh Pirzada
, Adriana Wilde
, David Harris-Birtill

Digital Technologies

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Usually measured through obtrusive contact-based methods, heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) are critical physiological signs used by clinicians during emergency interventions. Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) allows for unobtrusive sensing of these vital signs for health monitoring in various settings. We present a review of rPPG-related research conducted including related processes and techniques, such as regions of interest (ROI) selection, extracting the raw signal, pre-processing data, applying noise reduction algorithms, Fast Fourier transforms (FFT), filtering and extracting these vital signs. Further, we present a detailed, critical evaluation of available rPPG systems. Limitations and future directions have also been identified to further advance this field.

Original language	English
Journal	IEEE Sensors Journal
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3405414
Publication status	Published - 7 Jun 2025

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10.1109/JSEN.2024.3405414

20136906_Pirzada_RemotePhotoplethysmography_withstatementAccepted author manuscript, 607 KBLicence: CC BY

https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/30318/1/Pirzada_2024_rPPG_A_State_of_the_Art_A_Review_IEEESensorsJ_AAM_CCBY.pdfLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Remote photoplethysmography for heart rate and blood oxygenation measurement: a Review",

abstract = "Usually measured through obtrusive contact-based methods, heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) are critical physiological signs used by clinicians during emergency interventions. Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) allows for unobtrusive sensing of these vital signs for health monitoring in various settings. We present a review of rPPG-related research conducted including related processes and techniques, such as regions of interest (ROI) selection, extracting the raw signal, pre-processing data, applying noise reduction algorithms, Fast Fourier transforms (FFT), filtering and extracting these vital signs. Further, we present a detailed, critical evaluation of available rPPG systems. Limitations and future directions have also been identified to further advance this field. ",

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AB - Usually measured through obtrusive contact-based methods, heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) are critical physiological signs used by clinicians during emergency interventions. Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) allows for unobtrusive sensing of these vital signs for health monitoring in various settings. We present a review of rPPG-related research conducted including related processes and techniques, such as regions of interest (ROI) selection, extracting the raw signal, pre-processing data, applying noise reduction algorithms, Fast Fourier transforms (FFT), filtering and extracting these vital signs. Further, we present a detailed, critical evaluation of available rPPG systems. Limitations and future directions have also been identified to further advance this field.

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